The University of Strasbourg (French: Université de Strasbourg, Unistra or UDS) in Strasbourg, Alsace, France, is the second largest university in France (after Aix-Marseille University), with about 46,000 students and over 4,000 researchers.
The present-day French university traces its history to the earlier German-language Universität Straßburg, which was founded in 1538, and was divided in the 1970s into three separate institutions: Louis Pasteur University, Marc Bloch University, and Robert Schuman University. On 1 January 2009, the fusion of these three universities reconstituted a united University of Strasbourg. With as many as 18 Nobel laureates, the university is now ranked among the best in the League of European Research Universities.
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History
The university emerged from a Lutheran humanist German Gymnasium, founded in 1538 by Johannes Sturm in the Free Imperial City of Strassburg. It was transformed to a university in 1621 (German: Universität Straßburg; English: University of Strassburg) and elevated to the ranks of a royal university in 1631. Among its earliest university students was Johann Scheffler who studied medicine and later converted to Catholicism and became the mystic and poet Angelus Silesius.
The Lutheran German university still persisted even after the annexation of the City by King Louis XIV in 1681 (one famous student was Johann Wolfgang von Goethe in 1770/71), but mainly turned into a French university during the French Revolution.
The university was refounded as the German Kaiser-Wilhelm-Universität in 1872, after the Franco-Prussian war and the annexation of Alsace-Lorraine to Germany provoked a westwards exodus of Francophone teachers. During the German Empire the university was greatly expanded and numerous new buildings were erected because the university was intended to be a showcase of German against French culture in Alsace. In 1918, Alsace-Lorraine was returned to France, so a reverse exodus of Germanophone teachers took place.
During the Second World War, when France was occupied, personnel and equipment of the University of Strasbourg were transferred to Clermont-Ferrand. In its place, the short-lived German Reichsuniversität Straßburg was created.
In 1970, the university was subdivided into three separate institutions:
- Louis Pasteur University (Strasbourg I)
- Marc Bloch University (Strasbourg II)
- Robert Schuman University (Strasbourg III)
These were, however, reunited in 2009, a process that should finish in 2012, and were able to be among the first twenty French universities to gain greater autonomy.
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Buildings
The university campus covers a vast part near the center of the city, located between the "Cité Administrative", "Esplanade" and "Gallia" bus-tram stations.
Modern architectural buildings include: Escarpe, the Doctoral College of Strasbourg, Atrium, Pangloss and others. The student residence building for the Doctoral College of Strasbourg was designed by London-based Nicholas Hare Architects in 2007. The structures are depicted on the main inner wall of the Esplanade university restaurant, accompanied by the names of their architects and years of establishment.
The administrative organisms, attached to the university (Prefecture; CAF, LMDE, MGEL--health insurance; SNCF--national French railway company; CTS--Strasbourg urban transportation company), are located in the "Agora" building.
Nobel laureates
- Karl Ferdinand Braun
- Paul Ehrlich
- Hermann Emil Fischer
- Jules Hoffmann
- Albrecht Kossel
- Martin Karplus
- Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran
- Jean-Marie Lehn
- Otto Loewi
- Otto Fritz Meyerhof
- Louis Néel
- Wilhelm Röntgen
- Albert Schweitzer
- Hermann Staudinger
- Adolf von Baeyer
- Max von Laue
- Pieter Zeeman
- Jean-Pierre Sauvage
Notable academics and alumni, by year of birth
- Johannes Sturm (1507-1589)
- Johannes Nicolaus Furichius (1602-1633)
- Johann Conrad Dannhauer (1603-1666)
- Angelus Silesius (Johann Scheffler) (1624-1677)
- Philipp Jacob Spener (1635-1705)
- Antoine Deparcieux (1703-1768)
- Johann Hermann (1738-1800)
- Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov (1745-1813)
- Johann Peter Frank (1745-1821)
- Dominique Villars (1745-1841)
- Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749-1832)
- Louis Ramond de Carbonnières (1755-1827)
- Maximilian von Montgelas (1759-1838)
- Klemens Wenzel von Metternich (1773-1859)
- Jean Lobstein (1777-1835)
- Georg Büchner (1813-1837)
- Charles Frédéric Gerhardt (1816-1856)
- Emil Kopp (1817-1875)
- Charles-Adolphe Wurtz (1817-1884)
- Auguste Nefftzer (1820-1876)
- Louis Pasteur (1822-1895)
- Adolph Kussmaul (1822-1902)
- Ambroise-Auguste Liébeault (1823-1904)
- Georg Albert Lücke (1829-1894)
- Anton de Bary (1831-1888)
- Friedrich Daniel von Recklinghausen (1833-1910)
- Adolf von Baeyer (1835-1917), Nobel Prize 1905
- Adolf Michaelis (1835-1910)
- Oswald Schmiedeberg (1838-1921)
- Gustav von Schmoller (1838-1917)
- August Kundt (1839-1894)
- Bernhard Naunyn (1839-1925)
- Friedrich Kohlrausch (1840-1910)
- Rudolph Sohm (1841-1917)
- Heinrich Martin Weber (1842-1913)
- Paul Heinrich von Groth (1843-1927)
- Lujo Brentano (1844-1931)
- Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran (1845-1922), Nobel Prize 1907
- Wilhelm Röntgen (1845-1923), Nobel Prize 1901
- Harry Bresslau (1848-1926)
- Ernst Remak (1849-1911)
- Josef von Mering (1849-1908)
- Georg Dehio (1850-1932)
- Karl Ferdinand Braun (1850-1918), Nobel Prize 1909
- Hans Chiari (1851-1916)
- Hermann Emil Fischer (1851-1919), Nobel Prize 1902
- Albrecht Kossel (1853-1927), Nobel Prize 1910
- Paul Ehrlich (1854-1915), Nobel Prize 1908
- Ludwig Döderlein (1855-1936)
- Otto Lehmann (1855-1922)
- Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg (1856-1921)
- Georg Simmel (1858-1918)
- Oskar Minkowski (1858-1931)
- Othmar Zeidler (1859-1911)
- Geerhardus Vos (1862-1949)
- Andreas von Tuhr (1864-1925)
- Pieter Zeeman (1865-1943), Nobel Prize 1902
- Gustav Anrich (1867-1930)
- Georg Thilenius (1868-1937)
- Gustav Landauer (1870-1919)
- Franz Weidenreich (1873-1948)
- Otto Loewi (1873-1961), Nobel Prize 1936
- Karl Schwarzschild (1873-1916)
- Erwin Baur (1875-1933)
- Albert Schweitzer (1875-1965), Nobel Prize 1952
- Ernest Esclangon (1876-1954)
- Paul Rohmer (1876-1977)
- Maurice René Fréchet (1878-1973)
- Helene Bresslau Schweitzer (1879-1957)
- Max von Laue (1879-1960), Nobel Prize 1914
- René Leriche (1879-1955)
- Hans Kniep (1881-1930)
- Hermann Staudinger (1881-1965), Nobel Prize 1953
- Otto Fritz Meyerhof (1884-1951), Nobel Prize 1922
- Pierre Montet (1885-1966)
- Marc Bloch (1886-1944)
- Robert Schuman (1886-1963)
- Ernst Robert Curtius (1886-1956)
- Hans Schlossberger (1887-1960)
- Friedrich Wilhelm Levi (1888-1966)
- Carl Schmitt (1888-1985)
- Beno Gutenberg (1889-1960)
- André Danjon (1890-1967)
- Henri Lefebvre (1901-1991)
- Michel Mouskhely (1903-1964)
- Jean Cavaillès (1903-1944)
- Louis Néel (1904-2000), Nobel Prize 1970
- Henri Cartan (1904-2008)
- Ernst Anrich (1906-2001)
- Emmanuel Levinas (1906-1995)
- Michael Ellis DeBakey (1908-2008)
- Antoinette Feuerwerker (1912-2003)
- Salomon Gluck (1914-1944)
- Hicri Fi?ek (1918-2002)
- René Thom (1923-2002), Fields Medal 1958
- Milton Santos (1926-2001), Vautrin Lud Prize 1994
- Gabriel Vahanian (*1927)
- Martin Karplus (*1930), Nobel Prize 2013
- Yves Michaud (*1930)
- Pierre Chambon (*1931)
- John Warwick Montgomery (*1931)
- Zemaryalai Tarzi (*1933)
- Alberto Fujimori (*1938)
- Liliane Ackermann (1938-2007)
- Jean-Marie Lehn (*1939), Nobel Prize 1987
- Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe (1940-2007)
- Jean-Luc Nancy (*1940)
- Jules A. Hoffmann (*1941), Nobel Prize 2011
- Katia Krafft (1942-1991)
- Jean-Pierre Sauvage (*1944), Nobel Prize 2016
- Moncef Marzouki (*1945)
- Maurice Krafft (1946-1991)
- Jacques Marescaux (*1948)
- Arsène Wenger (*1949)
- Jürgen Wöhler (*1950)
- Patrick Strzoda (*1952)
- Jean-Claude Juncker (*1954)
- Thomas Ebbesen (*1954)
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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